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Purpose: The no-contact and economic downturn caused by COVID-19 have further grown the used market. The second-hand trading industry has established itself as a popular consumption culture, leading to exponential growth in the size of the market. This study aims to identify the types of shopping motivation for used products targeting Korean consumers, and to examine the relationship between shopping motivations for second-hand transactions, consumption values, and re-use intentions. Research design, data and methodology: The first study was conducted on 63 used trading platform users and the second study was conducted on 441 used trading platform users to identify the types of consumers' motivation for shopping for used products. Results: As a result of the first study, the shopping motivation types of Korean used product consumers were classified into convenience motivation, economic motivation, hedonistic motivation, information Acquisition motivation, and free time utilization motivation. As a result of the second study, it was found that convenience motivation had the greatest influence on functional values and hedonic motivation had the greatest influence on emotional values, and that functional values had a great influence on platform reuse intentions. Conclusions: This study provides practical implications for the establishment of marketing strategies for used trading platforms and academic implications for research related to used trading © This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://Creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to rapid adoption of teledermatology. Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that requires recurrent clinical evaluation and may be subjected to privacy concerns amongst patients when managed over teledermatology. We assessed dermatologists' perceptions of teledermatology in managing HS. Participants were invited to completed a survey electronically via a secure online platform. The survey was disseminated to members of the Asia Pacific Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation and through word of mouth, over February to June 2022. Demographics and survey responses were collated. Associations between demographics and attitudes towards teledermatology for HS were evaluated by multivariable ordered logistic regression. 100 responses were obtained comprising of 76 (81.7%) dermatologists and 17 dermatology trainees (18.3%). Older physicians tended to express sentiments that it was difficult to accurately assess disease severity for HS.There was increased tendency for physicians to perceive difficulty in managing HS compared to AD (assessed as a control cohort) - in terms of photography of sensitive areas (adjusted OR 4.71 (95% confidence interval: 2.44-9.07);p value < 0.001), accurate assessment (adjusted OR 2.66 (95% confidence interval: 1.48-4.79);p value 0.001), privacy issues from examination of private body areas (adjusted OR 2.75 (95% confidence interval 1.36-5.56);p value 0.005). This study, is the first, to our knowledge that assess physician attitudes towards the use of teledermatology in managing HS patients, and compares differential perspectives of its use on HS and AD patients. Physicians' efforts should be focused on streamlining patient selection and optimizing consult environments for patients with HS.Copyright © 2023
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Background: The field of teledermatology has expanded tremendously and has been used for conditions including hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). However, due to the sensitive location of lesions, HS may be considered less suitable for teledermatology. Objective: We sought to assess dermatologists' experiences and perceptions toward using teledermatology for HS relative to atopic dermatitis (AD) as a comparison. Methods: A survey was disseminated electronically to practicing dermatologists in the Asia-Pacific region between February and June 2022. Differences in attitudes and perceptions between HS and AD were compared using random-effects ordered logistic regression, controlling for demographics. Results: A total of 100 responses were obtained comprising of 76 (81.7%) dermatologists and 17 (18.3%) dermatology trainees;62.6% (62/98) of physicians were uncomfortable with using teledermatology for HS. Multivariable regression confirmed increased perceived challenges with managing HS using teledermatology compared to AD. These challenges include the need for photography of hard-to-reach or sensitive areas (odds ratio [OR] 4.71, 95% CI 2.44-9.07;P<.001), difficulties in accurate assessment of severity (OR 2.66, 95%CI 1.48-4.79;P=.001), and inability to palpate lesions (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.23-4.18;P=.009). Conclusions: This study confirms the relative reluctance of dermatologists to use teledermatology for HS and complements existing data showing mixed levels of willingness from patients. The use of teledermatology for HS may need to be optimized to overcome these challenges, including increasing security features, selection of patients with milder or limited diseases, and selecting patients with an established and strong doctor-patient relationship. ©Valencia Long, Ellie Ci-En Choi, Zhaojin Chen, Moonyza Akmal Ahmad Kamil, Murlidhar Rajagopalan, Erin McMeniman, Nisha Suyien Chandran.
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BACKGROUND: Nirsevimab is an extended half-life monoclonal antibody to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein that has been developed to protect infants for an entire RSV season. Previous studies have shown that the nirsevimab binding site is highly conserved. However, investigations of the geotemporal evolution of potential escape variants in recent (ie, 2015-2021) RSV seasons have been minimal. Here, we examine prospective RSV surveillance data to assess the geotemporal prevalence of RSV A and B, and functionally characterise the effect of the nirsevimab binding-site substitutions identified between 2015 and 2021. METHOD(S): We assessed the geotemporal prevalence of RSV A and B and nirsevimab binding-site conservation between 2015 and 2021 from three prospective RSV molecular surveillance studies (the US-based OUTSMART-RSV, the global INFORM-RSV, and a pilot study in South Africa). Nirsevimab binding-site substitutions were assessed in an RSV microneutralisation susceptibility assay. We contextualised our findings by assessing fusion-protein sequence diversity from 1956 to 2021 relative to other respiratory-virus envelope glycoproteins using RSV fusion protein sequences published in NCBI GenBank. FINDINGS: We identified 5675 RSV A and RSV B fusion protein sequences (2875 RSV A and 2800 RSV B) from the three surveillance studies (2015-2021). Nearly all (25 [100%] of 25 positions of RSV A fusion proteins and 22 [88%] of 25 positions of RSV B fusion proteins) amino acids within the nirsevimab binding site remained highly conserved between 2015 and 2021. A highly prevalent (ie, >40.0% of all sequences) nirsevimab binding-site Ile206Met:Gln209Arg RSV B polymorphism arose between 2016 and 2021. Nirsevimab neutralised a diverse set of recombinant RSV viruses, including new variants containing binding-site substitutions. RSV B variants with reduced susceptibility to nirsevimab neutralisation were detected at low frequencies (ie, prevalence <1.0%) between 2015 and 2021. We used 3626 RSV fusion-protein sequences published in NCBI GenBank between 1956 and 2021 (2024 RSV and 1602 RSV B) to show that the RSV fusion protein had lower genetic diversity than influenza haemagglutinin and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. INTERPRETATION: The nirsevimab binding site was highly conserved between 1956 and 2021. Nirsevimab escape variants were rare and have not increased over time. FUNDING: AstraZeneca and Sanofi.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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The ongoing pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is influencing global health. Moreover, there is a major threat of future coronaviruses affecting the entire world in a similar, or even more dreadful, manner. Therefore, effective and biocompatible therapeutic options against coronaviruses are urgently needed. To address this challenge, medical specialists require a well-informed and safe approach to treating human coronaviruses (HCoVs). Herein, an environmental friendly approach for viral inactivation, based on plasma technology, was considered. A microwave plasma system was employed for the generation of the high amount of gaseous nitric oxide to prepare nitric oxide enriched plasma-activated water (NO-PAW), the effects of which on coronaviruses, have not been reported to date. To determine these effects, alpha-HCoV-229E was used in an experimental model. We found that NO-PAW treatment effectively inhibited coronavirus infection in host lung cells, visualized by evaluating the cytopathic effect and expression level of spike proteins. Interestingly, NO-PAW showed minimal toxicity towards lung host cells, suggesting its potential for therapeutic application. Moreover, this new approach resulted in viral inactivation and greatly improved the gene levels involved in host antiviral responses. Together, our findings provide evidence of an initiation point for further progress toward the clinical development of antiviral treatments, including such coronaviruses. © 2022 The Authors
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Introduction: This case identifies vagal tone as a paradoxical cause of coronary artery spasm, coinciding with complete heart block. It will additionally identify proper management in these cases. Clinical Presentation: A 53 year old male with a medical history of HIV not of ART, acute, infectious COVID-19 and late, latent syphilis admitted for malaise, found to have DLBCL. Following a routine blood draw the patient experienced acute chest and abdominal pain. Minutes later, while having a bowel movement he experienced syncope with heart rates in the 30s. EKG showed ST elevations in leads II, III, and aVF. Troponin-T was elevated to 0.15. Echocardiogram showed inferior wall hypokinesis. Coronary angiography showed non-obstructive right coronary disease. Cardiac MRI demonstrated no evidence of infiltrative disease or myocarditis. The patient experienced a similar episode the following morning, during blood draw, EKG and telemetry demonstrated complete heart block with ST elevations (image). This suggested vagal mediated AV block with coronary artery spasm (CAS). He was started on the anticholinergic hyoscyamine and amlodipine for vasodilation. Following initiation of therapy, the patient had no further episodes of chest pain or bradycardia. Discussion(s): While acetylcholine causes vasodilation via endothelial NO, interestingly, it can also lead to CAS. In the setting of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hyper-reactivity or high vagal tone, VSMC muscarinic receptors are activated leading to vasoconstriction. Vagal tone can cause both CAS with resulting STEMI as well as AV blockade resulting in high degree heart block (image). When ischemic symptoms are accompanied by AV block in the setting of high vagal tone, consider vagal mediated CAS. Calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine are used to manage CAS. When the suspected mechanism is vagal tone, management includes avoidance of precipitating factors and or anticholinergic premedication.
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Cross-national comparative research is a useful tool for identifying common aspects of, and risk factors for, healthy and unhealthy aging across populations and sociocultural contexts. The papers in this symposium use harmonized data from the Gateway to Global Aging to examine a range of topics in aging and provide new insights into long-standing and emerging questions in aging research. Using data on 31 countries, Ehrlich estimates the population attributable fraction of dementia due to vision impairment, a treatable and thus potentially viable target for interventions to slow progression to dementia. Seligman et al., use a frailty index validated in multiple countries to provide new evidence for which aspects of socioeconomic status (SES) – education, income, rural residence – are most strongly linked to frailty in Brazil, China, and India, three highly populated and rapidly aging countries. Using recent harmonized data on stress, Chen et al. examine the association between cumulative social stressors and cognitive function trajectories in the US and UK, finding interesting patterns in the relationship with status and change over time. Finally, several harmonized aging studies collected data throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, and Mair et al., take advantage of this to gain insights into how family structure impacted experiences of loneliness among older adults during the pandemic in the U.S. and across Europe. The papers in this symposium demonstrate the tremendous potential for using cross-national comparisons to deepen our understanding of health and well-being among older adults.
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This study aimed to explore citizens’ emotional responses and issues of interest in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The dataset comprised 65,313 tweets with the location marked as New York State. The data collection period was four days of tweets when New York City imposed a lockdown order due to an increase in confirmed cases. Data analysis was performed using R Studio. The emotional responses in tweets were analyzed using the Bing and NRC (National Research Council Canada) dictionaries. The tweets’central issue was identified by Text Network Analysis. When tweets were classified as either positive or negative, the negative sentiment was higher. Using the NRC dictionary, eight emotional classifications were devised: “trust,” “fear,” “anticipation,” “sadness,” “anger,” “joy,” “surprise,” and “disgust.” These results indicated that citizens showed negative and trusting emotional reactions in the early days of the pandemic. Moreover, citizens showed a strong interest in overcoming and coping with other people such as social solidarity. Citizens were concerned about the confirmation of COVID-19 infection status and death. Efforts should be made to ensure citizens’ psychological stability by promptly informing them of the status of infectious disease management and the route of infection. © 2023, Tech Science Press. All rights reserved.
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An innovative sonication method has been developed to produce inclusion complexes (ICs) of Oseltamivir (OTV) which is a potentially water-soluble anti-viral agent with lesser cytotoxicity. Proton signals and chemical shifts of OTV without any ambiguity confirm the formation of ICs with β-Cyclodextrin (B-CD) and Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (H-CD). ICs are also supported by their atomic percentages as secondary evidence using XPS analysis. Analysis of drug release at three pH levels revealed the slow release of the OTV from ICs and also suitable for viral inactivation. A very less cytotoxic ability on cancer cell lines and enhanced the viral inactivation of OTV after being made into water-soluble ICs. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
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Even to a simple and short news headline, readers react in a multitude of ways: cognitively (e.g. inferring the writer's intent), emotionally (e.g. feeling distrust), and behaviorally (e.g. sharing the news with their friends). Such reactions are instantaneous and yet complex, as they rely on factors that go beyond interpreting factual content of news. We propose Misinfo Reaction Frames (MRF), a pragmatic formalism for modeling how readers might react to a news headline. In contrast to categorical schema, our free-text dimensions provide a more nuanced way of understanding intent beyond being benign or malicious. We also introduce a Misinfo Reaction Frames corpus, a crowdsourced dataset of reactions to over 25k news headlines focusing on global crises: the Covid-19 pandemic, climate change, and cancer. Empirical results confirm that it is indeed possible for neural models to predict the prominent patterns of readers' reactions to previously unseen news headlines. Additionally, our user study shows that displaying machine-generated MRF implications alongside news headlines to readers can increase their trust in real news while decreasing their trust in misinformation. Our work demonstrates the feasibility and importance of pragmatic inferences on news headlines to help enhance AI-guided misinformation detection and mitigation.
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Due to the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, more older people are exposed to Information Technology(IT) in their daily lives. However, due to the lack of digital literacy capabilities of the elderly, it is difficult to use digital devices, making it difficult to live. Therefore, this paper outlined the impact of the digital divide on daily life and the ability of the elderly to use digital information. Through this, we propose an educational program that combines IT and humanities to improve digital literacy in the elderly. IT and humanities do not seem to match, but the convergence of the two is essential. Hardware and software, technology and technology, technology and design are being combined. Accordingly, technology and humanities can combine competency is becoming more critical. Therefore, the educational program proposed in this thesis combines a decision tree with a game and allows the elderly to acquire IT knowledge while playing a game naturally. This educational program was conducted for 23 older adults in their 60s in J city, South Korea. The average satisfaction of the study participants in education was 4.13(±0.65). In addition, the post-test mean of the recognition area in digital literacy was 3.02(±0.64) (p<.05), and the post-test mean of the behavior area in digital literacy was 3.67(±0.59) (p<.01), which was statistically significant compared to the pre-test. © 2022 Sciedu Press. All Rights Reserved.
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With the development of technology and media and the pursuit of non-face-to-face due to the corona pandemic, the influence of live commerce, a real-time streaming shopping channel, is growing. Starting from China, the popularity of live commerce is growing all over the world, and it has become an interesting topic among many practitioners and researchers. However, compared to its popularity, there are few studies on live commerce. Therefore, we build a theoretical model in terms of IT affordance such as visibility, guidance shopping, trading, and meta-voicing and investigate how live commerce affects engagement with customers. We empirically measure 428 individuals who have used live commerce using survey data. In addition, we conduct four types of scenario experiments on whether social cues on exposures of other consumers, influence customer engagement. Our results show that trading affordance has the most significant effect. This shows that the live commerce platform may want to devise a program that helps make payment easier for users who prefer a quick and simple process. Our study contributes to the literature by presenting the importance of IT affordance for live commerce. © 2022. All Rights Reserved.
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The 2022 Roadmap is the next update in the series of Plasma Roadmaps published by Journal of Physics D with the intent to identify important outstanding challenges in the field of low-temperature plasma (LTP) physics and technology. The format of the Roadmap is the same as the previous Roadmaps representing the visions of 41 leading experts representing 21 countries and five continents in the various sub-fields of LTP science and technology. In recognition of the evolution in the field, several new topics have been introduced or given more prominence. These new topics and emphasis highlight increased interests in plasma-enabled additive manufacturing, soft materials, electrification of chemical conversions, plasma propulsion, extreme plasma regimes, plasmas in hypersonics, data-driven plasma science and technology and the contribution of LTP to combat COVID-19. In the last few decades, LTP science and technology has made a tremendously positive impact on our society. It is our hope that this roadmap will help continue this excellent track record over the next 5â€"10 years. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Physics: D Applied Physics is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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The ongoing pandemic caused by the novel comnavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is influencing global health. Moreover, there is a major threat of future coronaviruses affecting the entire world in a similar, or even more dreadful, manner. Therefore, effective and biocompatible therapeutic options against comnaviruses are urgently needed. To address this challenge, medical specialists require a well-informed and safe approach to treating human coronaviruses (HCoVs). Herein, an environmental friendly approach for viral inactivation, based on plasma technology, was considered. A microwave plasma system was employed for the generation of the high amount of gaseous nitric oxide to prepare nitric oxide enriched plasma-activated water (NO-PAW), the effects of which on coronaviruses, have not been reported to date. To determine these effects, alpha-HCoV-229E was used in an experimental model. We found that NO-PAW treatment effectively inhibited comnavirus infection in host lung cells, visualized by evaluating the cytopathic effect and expression level of spike proteins. Interestingly, NO-PAW showed minimal toxicity towards lung host cells, suggesting its potential for therapeutic application. Moreover, this new approach resulted in viral inactivation and greatly improved the gene levels involved in host antiviral responses. Together, our findings provide evidence of an initiation point for further progress toward the clinical development of antiviral treatments, including such comnaviruses.
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Has Been Diagnosed In Over 50 Million Individuals And Resulted In Greater Than 1 Million Deaths Since Its Discovery In December 2019. Currently, It Is Understood That Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, Hypertension, Chronic Lung Disease, Malignancy, Chronic Renal Disease, Obesity, And Smoking Confer Worse Outcomes In Those Afflicted With Covid-19. The Role Of Underlying Gastrointestinal Comorbidities On Covid-19 Prognosis Has Not Been Well Studied. Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ibd) Have A Slightly Higher Overall Mortality Than The General Population. While The Pathogenesis Of Ibd Is Not Completely Understood, It Is Thought To Be The Consequence Of Dysregulated Immune Response. A Pair Of Small International Studies Demonstrated That Patients With Ibd Are At Increased Risk Of Covid-19 Infection, Especially When They Have Active Disease And Are Taking Immunosuppressive Therapy. However, The Characteristics And Outcomes Of Covid-19 In Patients With Ibd Remain Unclear. We Conducted A Large-Scale, Multicenter, Retrospective Study To Examine The Outcomes In Ibd Patients Hospitalized For Covid-19. Using Hca Healthcare’S Physician Services Clinical Data Warehouse, We Reviewed 78,756 Adult Patients Across 143 Hospitals Between January Through August 2020 With Covid-19, Yielding 78,572 Covid-19 Patients Without Ibd And 184 With Ibd. Unpaired T-Tests Of Covid-19 Patients With Ibd Compared To Those Without Ibd Showed That Patients With Both Covid-19 And Ibd Experienced Significantly Higher Mortality (8.15% Vs 6.10%, P=0.004), Significantly Higher Rates Of Icu Admission (25.54% Vs 16.49%, P=0.001), Significantly Higher Rates Of Ventilation (13.04% Vs 7%, P=0.002), And Significantly Longer Lengths Of Stay (Los) (7.92 ± 9.84 Vs 4.57 ± 7.87 Days, P<0.001). The Outcomes Of Length Of Stay Remained Significant On Paired T-Test When The 184 Patients With Covid-19 And Ibd Were Age-Matched To Covid-19 Patients Without Ibd. However, There Was No Statistical Significance In Mortality, Icu Admission, And Need For Ventilation When Age-Matched. Ibd Was Independently Associated With Increased Icu Admission (Or 1.5, Ci 1.04 – 2.117, P=0.026) And Need For Ventilation (Or 1.8, Ci 1.124 – 2.775, P=0.010) On Multivariable Regression Analysis, And Los (Or 2.337, Se 0.531, P<0.001) In Linear Regression Analysis. Our Data Corroborates Previous Studies Suggesting Protective Effects Of Female Sex, And Deleterious Effects Of Increasing Age, Myocardial Infarction, Congestive Heart Failure, Cerebrovascular Disease, Chronic Pulmonary Disease, Diabetes, And Cancer. In Summary, Based On Our Study, Patients With Both Ibd And Covid-19 Experienced Significantly Increased Rates Icu Admission, Ventilation, And Lengths Of Stay Compared To Patients With Covid-19 Alone (Table Presented) (Table Presented) (Table Presented) (Table Presented)
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been diagnosed in at least 63.5 million individuals and resulted in 1.4 million deaths as of December 2020 since its discovery. Various risk factors for severe illness have been investigated;currently it is understood that cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic lung disease, malignancy, chronic renal disease, obesity, and smoking confer worse outcomes. Liver cirrhosis is understood to be a significant source of general morbidity and mortality due, in part, to compromise of the immune system. A multicenter, retrospective examination of 50 patients with both COVID-19 and cirrhosis showed that patients with cirrhosis were at increased risk for mortality from COVID-19 than those without cirrhosis. To our knowledge, there exists no large study to examine the effect of cirrhosis on COVID-19 outcomes. We performed a multicenter, retrospective study to further examine outcomes in cirrhotic patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection. Using the HCA Healthcare Physician Services clinical data warehouse, we reviewed 23,474 adult patients across 143 hospitals admitted from January through August 2020 with COVID-19, yielding 22,467 COVID-19 patients without cirrhosis and 1,007 with cirrhosis. Unpaired T-tests of COVID-19 patients with cirrhosis compared to those without cirrhosis showed that patients with both COVID-19 and cirrhosis experienced significantly higher mortality (17.97% vs 12.96%, p<0.001), significantly higher rates of ICU admission (45.58% vs 33.90%, p<0.001), significantly higher rates of ventilation (24.43% vs 16.07%, p<0.001), and significantly longer lengths of stay (LOS) (11.05 ± 10.86 vs 8.46 ± 10.05 days, p<0.001). The outcomes of ICU admission and length of stay remained significant on paired T-test when the 1,007 patients with COVID-19 and cirrhosis were age-matched to COVID-19 patients without cirrhosis. Cirrhosis was independently associated with increased mortality (OR 1.33, CI 1.11-1.58, p=0.002), ICU admission (OR 2.08, CI 1.16-1.52, p<0.001), and ventilation (OR 1.32, CI 1.13-1.54, p<0.001) on multivariable regression analysis. Our dataset corroborates previous studies suggesting protective effects of female sex;and deleterious effects of increasing age, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and obesity. Chronic pulmonary disease was significantly associated with poor outcomes of all measures except mortality. Additionally, length of stay among patients with both COVID and cirrhosis is estimated to increase by 1.65 (SE 0.31, p<0.001) on linear regression analysis. In summary, patients with both cirrhosis and COVID-19 experienced significantly increased rates of mortality, ICU admission, ventilation, and lengths of stay compared to patients with COVID-19 alone. (Table presented.)
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The nonthermal atmospheric biocompatible plasma, also called cold plasma, is the fourth state of matter, is a partially ionized gas consisting cocktail of gas’s molecules, free radicals, ions, electrons, and physical components such as photons, electric field and some heat. It has been successfully used in the biomedical, agricultural food safety, environment applications including industrial application for the processing of materials and etc. for not mentioned here. The recent discovery of its efficacy in sterilization of microorganisms has trigged a large quantity of research in the biomedical field. Here we review configurations and electrode layouts of typical plasma device for applications to biomedical such as cancer treatment and virus inactivation technology. Cocktail of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) would be efficient and effective to several biomedical applications such as inactivation of drug-resistant bacteria, cancer treatment, inactivation of viruses, skin and dental applications. This detailed review provides an outline of typical plasma sources, their physical and chemical (RONS) characteristics based on their diagnostic methods, including cancer treatment strategies and inactivation of viruses. This review also emphasizing on strategises to control and inactivation of SARS-COV2 (COVID19) and rejuvenate lung cells. Plasma bioscience and medicine technologies will deliver a new model of therapeutic clinical systems along with sustainable application to environmental issues. © 2021, Korean Vacuum Society. All rights reserved.
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Purpose: Common human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are relatively understudied due to the mild nature of HCoV infection. Given the lack of local epidemiology data on common HCoVs, we aimed to describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of common HCoVs in children. Methods: Respiratory viral test results from 9,589 respiratory samples from Seoul National University Children's Hospital were analyzed from January 2015 to December 2019. Viral detection was done by the multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Demographics and clinical diagnosis were collected for previously healthy children tested positive for HCoVs. Results: Of the 9,589 samples tested, 1 or more respiratory viruses were detected from 5,017 (52.3%) samples and 463 (4.8%) samples were positive for HCoVs (OC43 2.8%, NL63 1.4%, 229E 0.7%). All 3 types co-circulated during winter months (November to February) with some variation by type. HCoV-OC43 was the most prevalent every winter season. HCoV-NL63 showed alternate peaks in late winter (January to March) and early winter (November to February). HCoV-229E had smaller peaks every other winter. Forty-one percent of HCoV-positive samples were co-detected with additional viruses;human rhinovirus 13.2%, respiratory syncytial virus 13.0%, influenza virus 4.3%. Common clinical diagnosis was upper respiratory tract infection (60.0%) followed by pneumonia (14.8%), croup (8.1%), and bronchiolitis (6.7%). Croup accounted for 17.0% of HCoV-NL63-positive children. Conclusions: This study described clinical and epidemiological characteristics of common HCoVs (OC43, NL63, 229E) in children. Continuing surveillance, perhaps by adding HKU1 in the diagnostic panel can further elucidate the spectrum of common HCoV infections in children. © 2021 The Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases.